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Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant lesion of the oral mucosa. Studies on the risk factors of oral leukoplakia (OL) are relatively scarce. The present study was planned to assess the clinical risk factors of OL in our institution, which represents a sample of the Western UP population, based on the clinical status of OL patients spanning a period of eight years. The clinical and pathological data (age, sex, lesion location and presence/ absence of dysplasia) were analyzed in these patients. Possible relationships between habitual tobacco use and lesion location were explored. The data obtained showed that habitual bidi smoking was prevalent among elderly males, while buccal mucosa was the most affected site by this lesion. Applying the Z-test for double sample proportions, a significant difference was observed for the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, tongue and habitual smoking (1% level of significance, p<0.01) between the two age groups. A significant difference was observed between habitual tobacco use and various degrees of dysplasia (Fisherʼs exact test=0.00008, p<0.05). The present study underlines the role of habitual tobacco use in the etiology of OL in the Western UP population of India. Rigorous anti-smoking measures need to be taken in this region in order to prevent transformation into oral cancer.

Assessment of Clinical Risk Factors of Oral Leukoplakia in UP Population of India: An Institutional Study