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Various physicochemical properties were investigated to assess the potential of starch from the extract of crude drugs (C). Starches (S) were prepared from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG) and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (PN). C-PGs and C-PNs contained 5.0―20.0 and 2.0―5.6% starch, respectively. Average diameters of S-PG and S-PN granules were 6.3±1.1 and 11.0±0.7μm, respectively. SPGs and S-PNs were classified as CB-type and CA-type, respectively. The S-PG-4 and S-PN-4 showed endothermic curves from 44.2 to 69.5 and 51.2 to 72.5°C, their enthalpy being 8.6±0.4 and 11.7±0.7 J/g, respectively. S-PN granules are suggested to be more stable to both moisture and heat than S-PG granules. P contents of S-PGs and S-PNs were 56.0―64.0 and 67.0―120.0μg/g, respectively. Ca contents of S-PGs were 38.0― 83.0μg/g, and those of S-PNs were 26.0―180.0μg/g. The digestibility of raw S-PGs and S-PNs byα-amylase was 82.3±4.8 and 55.0±7.5%, respectively, at 72 h. The main oligosaccharide products from the raw starches (digestibility, S-PG-4: 13.2%; S-PN-4: 20.7%) digested byα-amylase were maltotriose (40.2―40.6%) and maltose (36.4―39.1%) and that from the starches (digestibility, S-PG-4: 17.6%; S-PN-4: 27.9%) digested by glucoamylase was glucose (92.9―98.3%). The digested S-PG-4 and S-PN-4 granules (digestion time, 1 h) were roughly eroded by α-amylase and the starches digested by glucoamylase were well maintained to retain their original forms with a few fine grains on their granular surface. It was suggested that the thermostability of S-PG-4 and S-PN-4 digested by glucoamylase was higher than that of the starches digested byα-amylase.

Characterization of Starches from Roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen