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The zinc injection technique has been applied to many PWRs (Pressurized Water Reactors) around the world as one of the most effective countermeasures against a radiation source reduction. More than 10 years have passed since the first application of the zinc injection technique mainly in Europe and the US, and its dose reduction effect has been confirmed in each nuclear power plant. The Japan Atomic Power Company has applied the zinc injection technique to Tsuruga nuclear power plant unit 2 (PWR, 1,160 MWe, Commercial operation started in 1987) since 2005. Zinc concentration in primary coolant had been controlled around 5ppb by not more than 10 ppb. Dose equivalent rates on primary equipment and pipes were reduced about 20-30% after zinc injection. Although the dose reduction effect of 20-30% is included the various factors, it was estimated that the effect of about 10% is due to the zinc injection technique. There were no negative effects caused by the zinc injection for the plant operation, water chemistry and fuel integrity in the case of Tsuruga unit 2.

Application of the Zinc Injection Technique for Reducing Radiation Source in PWR Nuclear Power Plants