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Nanobacteria have been implicated in the formation of pathogenic calcifications e.g. kidney stones, arterial plaque, calcified cardiac valves, dental pulp stone, etc. It has been hypothesized that nanobacteria may be present in dental calculus which has a similar mineralization formation process and that nanobacteria may play an efficient role in the calcification of dental calculus. Recently nanobacteria were found in gingival crevicular fluid samples from two subjects with chronic periodontitis. The hypothesis : An anti-nanobacterial mouthwash or tooth paste containing bisphosphonates specifically etidronate and clodronate (1 mg/ml), gallium nitrate 14% (3.4% w/w gallium at 99.995% purity) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1%) with neutral pH (7.0) will may be effective for prevention of calculus formation and consequently prevention of periodontal diseases. Despite of excellent anti-nanobacterial activity of tetracycline, it is removed from the formulation. It has a wide spectrum of anti-bactericidal activity and may affect normal oral flora and cause supra-infection. Evaluation of the hypothesis: We should consider a balance be- tween negative effect of nanobacteria regarding formation of calcu- lus and periodontal diseases and positive role of nanobacteria in enamel repair and prevention of dental caries and its positive role in enamel repair and prevention of dental caries.

Anti-Nanobacterial Therapy for Prevention and Control of Periodontal Diseases