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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rectal temperature (RT) on conception rate (CR), as well as the effects of seasonality (spring-summer vs. autumn-winter) and timing of artificial insemination (AI) (morning vs. afternoon) on RT and CR in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gyr). The experiment was conducted on a dairy farm in Centralina, MG, where 1,219 conventional and fixed-time inseminations were analyzed. The RT was measured immediately before AI using a digital thermometer. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using ultrasonography between 28 and 60 days after AI. T The effects of seasonality and timing of AI on RT were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U test and the effects of RT (above or below the average), seasonality and timing of AI on CR were analyzed with a Chi-squared test, both using the SAS program. The RT average was 39.4°C. Cows with RT ? 39.4°C had lower CR than cows with RT < 39.4°C (25.78% vs. 32.54%; P = 0.0096). During spring-summer, cows had higher RT (39.44°C ± 0.025 vs. 39.27°C ± 0.022; P < 0.0001) and lower CR (25.49% vs. 31.75%; P = 0.0146) compared with autumn-winter. Cows inseminated in the morning had lower RT (38.96°C ± 0.022 vs. 39.60°C ± 0.018; P < 0.0001) and higher CR (32.86% vs. 26.06%; P = 0.0102) than cows inseminated in the afternoon. In conclusion, crossbred dairy cows with rectal temperature equal to or greater than 39.4°C had lower conception rate. Moreover, rectal temperature and conception rate were affected by seasonality and insemination time.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da temperatura retal (TR) sobre a taxa de concepção (TC), bem como os efeitos da estação do ano (primavera-verão vs. outono-inverno) e do momento da inseminação artificial (IA) (manhã vs. tarde) sobre a TR e a TC de vacas leiteiras mestiças (Holandês x Gir). O experimento foi realizado em uma fazenda leiteira em Centralina, MG, onde foram analisadas 1219 inseminações, tanto convencionais quanto em tempo fixo. A TR das vacas foi medida imediatamente antes da IA usando termômetro digital. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultrassonografia entre 28 e 60 dias após a IA.Os efeitos da sazonalidade e do momento da IA sobre a TR foram analisados pelo teste de Mann- Whitney U e os efeitos da TR (acima e abaixo da média), sazonalidade e momento da IA sobre a TC foram analisados pelo teste de Qui-quadrado, ambos no programa SAS. A TR média encontrada foi de 39,4°C. Vacas com TR ? 39,4°C tiveram TC inferior à de vacas com TR < 39,4°C (25,78% vs. 32,54%; P = 0,0096). Na primavera-verão as vacas apresentaram TR superior (39,44°C ± 0,025 vs. 39,27°C ± 0,022; P < 0,0001) e TC inferior (25,49% vs. 31,75%; P = 0,0146) em relação ao outono-inverno. Vacas inseminadas durante o período da manhã tiveram menor TR (38,96°C ± 0,022 vs. 39,60°C ± 0,018; P < 0,0001) e maior TC (32,86% vs. 26,06%; P = 0,0102) do que as vacas inseminadas à tarde. Conclui-se que vacas leiteiras mestiças com temperatura retal igual ou superior a 39,4°C apresentam menor taxa de concepção. Além disso, a temperatura retal e a taxa de concepção são afetadas pela estação do ano e pelo momento da inseminação

Influence of seasonality, timing of insemination and rectal temperature on conception rate of crossbred dairy cows