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The purposes of this study were to determine the deyelopmental relationships among threw distanoes of 6 kind balls of various weight, size and solidity, throw form of tennis ball (TB), and accuracy of TB throw, and also to determine the contribution of physical fitness elements and throw form to throw distance. Total of 720 preschoo1-children from 2 to 6 years old were selected as the subjects, and 11 physique and physical fitness tests were administered to them. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1) The development with age and sex differences w re found in all ball throw distances, throw form, and accuracy of ball throw, Little differences between throw distances of light-ha11s below TB (58 g) were found, but throw distanoe of a heavy-ball <190 g) as compared with that of 1ight-balls wa shorter. 2) Throw distance of TB developed remarkably from about 4 years and the sex differenoe increased gradually from about 3 years of age. Also the develepmental trend of throw form was almost the same as that of throw distanoe. Boy$' throw form with age became closer to that of adults's, but a lot of girls with immature-throw form existed even in the age over 5 years. 3) The oontribution of each physicat fitness element to TB throw distance differed in boys and girls. In the immaturethtow group the contribution of physical fitness elements to throw distance did not show the sex difference, but there was a difference of a degree of contribution between the immaturethrow and the rnature-throw groups. 4) Physique and power were related significantly to TB throw distance. The latter's contribution as compared with the former's was higher, and its trend was higher in boys than in girls. The contribution of the whole physical fitness and throw form to throw distanoe was higher in boys than in girls, and in boys the contribution of throw form as compared with physical fitness was higher, 5> Power in the immatuTe-throw group and power and coordination in the mature-throw group were related significantly to throw distance and the contribution of power in the mature group as compared with the immature group was higher. Further, the contribution of the whole physical fitness was higher in the mature group than in the immature group, and the contribution of throw form in the mature group was almost the same as that of he whole physica1 fitness.

Contribution of physical fitness and throw form to ball-throw distance and the sex difference in preschool children