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The fungus Fusarium oxysporum Sch.:Fr. presents a high biological and genetic variability, manifested by the existence of many specialized forms and races. With the goal of evaluating the genetic relationship among different specialized forms, an experiment was carried out involving the application of two types of molecular markers. One consisted of sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA of 17 isolates belonging to seven forms: F.o. melonis (4 isolates), F.o. dianthi (2), F.o. niveum (4), F.o. lycopersici (2), F.o. radicis-lycopersici (3), F.o. lagenaria (1) and F.o. luffae (1). Analysis of these sequences revealed that isolates from different forms present an identical sequence while isolates of the same form appear distributed in different groups of the dendrogram. This observation was confirmed by an AFLP analysis. In addition to the previously cited forms, ten more were studied in this experiment, belonging to F.o. ciceris, F.o. cucumerinum, F. proliferatum and F.o. asparagi, as well as two non-pathogenic isolates. The dendrogram calculated with the AFLP markers did not reveal any genetic structuration of the 10 specialized forms. These data, in line with those obtained by other authors, seem to suggest that in general, the specialized forms of F. oxysporum do not constitute monophyletic lineages because they evolve in a divergent way. It rather seems that widely different genotypes could share similar genetic factors conferring pathogenic specificity.

Genetic relationships among seven specialized forms of Fusarium oxysporum determined by DNA sequencing of the ITS region and AFLPs