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O artigo destaca os maiores desafios da Instrucao Publica Primaria na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no inicio do seculo XX quando era capital federal. Nesse periodo emergiram debates envolvendo medicos e profissionais de diversas areas da sociedade em torno de questoes educacionais e sanitarias. As principais fontes utilizadas sao a revista A Escola Primaria e o relatorio do medico Alvimar de Carvalho sobre o teste da vacina BCG, ambos do acervo da Biblioteca Nacional. Como aporte teorico, utilizam-se as possibilidades abertas pela nova historia politica (REMOND, 2003) e o auxilio da observacao microscopica (GINZBURG, 1990), o que permite restaurar personagens e processos atraves dos indicios deixados pelos sujeitos historicos. As descobertas realizadas pelo estudo empreendido traduzem a importância do uso de fontes e de metodos variados no resgate da historia das instituicoes escolares e sua intercessao com a historia politica e social. Tuberculosis in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the BCG vaccine test in public school students (1933-1935).  The article highlights the major challenges of Primary Public Education in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the early 20th century, when it was the federal capital. In this period, debates involving physicians and professionals from various areas of society emerged around educational and health issues. The main sources used are: the magazine A Escola Primaria and the report of the doctor Alvimar de Carvalho on the BCG vaccine test, both from the collection of the National Library. As a theoretical contribution, the possibilities opened by the new political history (REMOND, 2003) and the aid of microscopic observation (GINZBURG, 1990) are used to restore characters and processes through the clues left by historical subjects. The findings of the study show the importance of the use of varied sources and methods in the rescue of the history of school institutions and their intercession with political and social history.  Keywords: Tuberculosis, Primary Public Education of Rio de Janeiro, Alvimar de Carvalho, Instituto Ferreira Vianna, "The Primary School" Magazine.

A tuberculose na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e o teste da vacina BCG em escolares de escolas públicas (1933-1935)