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A segunda metade do seculo XIX caracterizou-se, fundamentalmente, pelo declinio da escravidao e, por consequencia, pelas discussoes acerca das alternativas de trabalho que substituiriam o sistema baseado na mao de obra mancipia. Sobre as formas de substituicao da mao de obra cativa, as opinioes dos escravistas eram divergentes: imigrantes ou trabalhador nacional? Para aqueles que apostavam no trabalhador nacional (livres pobres, libertos e ingenuos), seria importante a efetivacao de medidas para melhor aproveitamento dessa mao de obra. Entre as medidas estava o desenvolvimento de instituicoes de ensino que permitissem sua qualificacao. Diante desse processo de transformacao, as criancas pobres, muitas vezes, descendentes de escravos, eram especialmente interessantes, pois poderiam ser educadas desde cedo para atender as novas expectativas de trabalho. Nosso artigo analisa a crianca pobre nos discursos oficiais (Relatorios e Mensagens dos Presidentes de Provincia; Anais do Congresso Mineiro) e na legislacao referentes ao periodo de 1850-1900. Veremos que, entre as propostas do Estado, estava a de formar/educar a crianca desvalida, muitas vezes descendente da escravidao, para o trabalho na lavoura atraves de instituicoes educacionais voltadas para a aprendizagem na agricultura e oficios. Ao final do processo de formacao da crianca, esperava-se encontrar um trabalhador adequado ao sistema de trabalho que substituiria o trabalho escravo. Nesse sentido, as criancas passam a ser vistas como verdadeiras responsaveis pelo devir; futuros cidadaos sobre os quais recairiam as tarefas de elevacao da patria ao progresso e a modernizacao. Useful to themselves and to the nation: the child in the transition process of the work system - Minas Gerais, second half of the nineteenth century . The second half of the nineteenth century was fundamentally characterized by the decline of slavery and, consequently, by debates about alternative work that would replace the system based on captive labor. Upos those alternatives, the slavers judgment were divergent: foreign or national worker? For those who chose the national worker (free poors, freedmen and ingenuos), it would be important to implement steps to make better use of this workforce. The development of educational institutes in order to their qualification was one of that steps. On this process, poor children, often descendants of slaves, were especially interesting because they could be educated to fulfill completely new expectations. We propose to analyze the poor child in the official speeches (Reports and Messages of the provincial Presidents, Congress of Minas Gerais Annals) and in the legislation of 1850-1900. The State proposals includes to educate the disadvantaged child, often descendants of slaves, to labor in farming through educational institutes for learning in agriculture and crafts. At the end of the child training, it was expected a suitable worker to the system that would replace slave labor. In this sense, children turn into responsible for to become; future citizens on whom the tasks of homeland raising to progress and modernization would fall. Keywords: Poor childhood; Education for work; Transition to free labor.

Úteis a si e à nação: a criança no processo de transição do sistema de trabalho - Brasil, segunda metade do século XIX