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. Immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has reduced invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes. However, serotype replacement has been observed, when cases caused by non-vaccine serotypes are reported. Objective. To describe the distribution of serotypes isolated from invasive pneumococcal disease cases in children under 5 years of age in El Salvador, after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Methodology. Descriptive study of the National Reference Laboratory Streptococcus pneumoniae data base, isolated from children under 5 years of age with invasive pneumococcal disease, from 2011 to 2017. The 61 isolated serotypes were classified into vaccine 29 and non-vaccine 32 serotypes, depending on whether or not they were contained in 7 or 13 valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccines. The data was exported to a Microsoft Excel 2013 spreadsheet, where it was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. From 2011 to 2017, 61 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease were reported in children under 5 years of age, 29 of them caused by vaccine serotypes and 32 by non-vaccine serotypes. The vaccine serotypes showed a downward trend, registering zero cases during 2016 and 2017. Non-vaccine serotypes showed an upward trend. The vaccine serotypes isolated most frequently were 9V, 14 and 19A, while the non-vaccine serotypes were: 8, 10A, 15A and 18A. Conclusions. There was a decrease in the number of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease due to vaccine serotypes from 2011 to 2017; in parallel, serotype replacement was identified.Alerta Year 2018, Vol. 1 No. 1: 11-17

Serotipos de Streptococcus pneumoniae en menores de 5 años posterior a las vacunas antineumocócicas conjugadas.