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Ionic transport phenomena in a diffusion dialysis system consisting of a charged membrane and mixed electrolyte solutions can be predicted in terms of a simulation method based on the Nernst-Planck equation of ionic flux and the Donnan equation. The simulations show that a charged membrane can control the transport modes of just multi-valent ions in two ways: downhill (the transport along their own concentration gradient in a system) and uphill (the transport against their own concentration gradient) , by changing its charge density. Hence, a charged membrane, whose charge density changes in response to external stimuli can control the transport modes of the specific ions by changing the stimuli. Permeation experiment in a dialysis system consisting of mixed KC1 and CaC12 solutions and a temperature-responsive membrane that has a charge density response to temperature changes shows that the membrane can control the transport modes of just Ca2+ ions in two ways : downhill and uphill, in response to temperature changes.

Ionic Transport in a Dialysis System Consisting of a Charged Membrane and Electrolyte Solutions Containing Multi-valent Ions