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Date of acceptance / Kabul tarihi: March 1, 2017 / 1 Mart 2017 ABSTRACT: Determination of factors related to perioperative mortality in cardiovascular surgery Objective: The mortality rate in cardiovascular surgery procedures varies with different centers around the globe. Identification of risk factors for perioperative mortality and establishment of protocols for this may increase survival in patients. In this study, we investigated the mortality rates and corresponding risk factors in cardiovascular surgery. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in the patients who were admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic and died in the perioperative period. Results: A total of 4037 patients were admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Service between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016, during four years. In patients treated in intensive care unit, open heart surgery for 567 patients and peripheral vascular disease surgery for 525 patients were planned. Thirty patients who had open heart surgery and 14 patients who had peripheral vascular disease died in perioperative period at the intensive care unit. The general mortality rate in the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic during this 4-year period was found as 1.1%. The mortality rate of open heart surgery was 5.1% whereas that of peripheral vascular surgery was 2.7%. Hypertension, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus were detected as the most common accompanying systemic diseases. Ejection fraction (EF) was found as 48.4±13.7, Euroscore Additive as 10.0±4.2, cross-clamp time as 125.1±51.9 minutes and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration as 192.0±81.1 minutes in patients who were lost during open heart surgeries. The APACHE II scores of the patients who were scheduled for peripheral vascular disease and were lost in the perioperative period were detected as 26.1±8.5. Conclusion: The mortality rate of open heart surgery in our clinic, when compared within the global scale is between developed and emerging countries. Presence of preoperative systemic diseases in cardiovascular surgery patients is significantly correlated with the mortality rate.