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BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investi- gate the effects of different organic treatments and a che- mical fertilizer on the soil chemical, physical, and micro- bial properties in an organic pear orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: Control was referred as a NPK chemical fertilizer (15N-9P-10K) and organic treat- ments included compost containing with oil cake, com- post containing with humic acid, and compost containing with chitin substance. All treatments applied at rates equi- valent to 200 g N per tree per year under the tree canopy in March 30 of 2008 and 2009. Soil bulk density, solid phase, liquid phase, and penetration resistance were not significantly different among the treatments. Organic treatment plots had greater organic matter, total nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium concentrations compared to control, and the nutrient concentrations were not consis- tently affected by the organic treatments. Microbial bio- mass nitrogen and carbon, dehydrogenase, acid-phosphatase, and chitinase activities overall increased from March to August. Organic treatments, especially compost containing with oil cake or chitin aicd, increased the microbial varia- bles compared to control. CONCLUSION(s): All the organic treatments consisten- tly stimulated soil biological activity. The consistent treat- ment effect, however, did not occur on the soil mineral nutrition as the trees actively taken up the nutrients during a growing season, which would have diminished treatment effects. Long-term study required for evaluating soil phy- sical properties in a pear orchard.

Effects of Nutrient Source on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Microbial Properties in an Organic Pear Orchard