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Mushrooms represent a large family of fleshy fungi that have been of high interest since ancient ages due to their medicinal and nutritional importance. Therefore, it can represent a significant source of bioactive compounds in malaria control. The few numbers of studies on  in vitro  antiplasmodial and insecticidal properties of their extracts and chemical constituents led to interesting results reported in numerous scientific publications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of literature up to 2021 on the antiplasmodial, insecticidal as well as cytotoxic chemical constituents of medicinal mushrooms that can help in the management of malaria both against the parasite  Plasmodium falciparum  and the mosquitoe  Anopheles stephensis  acting as a vector of malaria through its bites. For this purpose, some searches have been done in some online libraries using keywords like Basidiomycete, mushroom, malaria,  Plasmodium ,  Anopheles  and antiplasmodial without language restriction. Among the reported compounds, 51 selected ones displayed significant antiplasmodial potency with IC 50  values lower than 10 μM against  P. falciparum  strains sensitive or resistant to chloroquine. For instance, ganoderic acid AW1 demonstrated a strong antiplasmodial activity with IC 50  of 257.8 nM against  P. falciparum  D6, while strong activities were displayed by ganoweberianones A (IC 50  = 0.050 μM) and B (IC 50  = 0.46 μM) against  P. falciparum  K1. Moreover, some mushroom methanol extracts demonstrated good larvicidal and ovicidal activities against  Anopheles stephensis . This paper provides further insights into the development of new antiplasmodial drugs or new potent eco-friendly pesticides to control mosquito vectors.

Mushrooms (Basidiomycetes) as a significant source of biologically active compounds for malaria control