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Objective: Ketamine is a frequently used anesthetic with a prominent effect on blood glucose levels. Therefore, ketamine may alter the mode of action of pancreatic islet cells, and the prolonged use of this agent may cause functional or morphological alterations of the pancreatic tissue. This study compared prolonged and different doses of intraperitoneal ketamine administration on pancreatic islet cell morphology and secretory function in rats. Material and Methods: A total of 30 rats in five groups were used. Rats in groups K40, K60, K80 and K100 received 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride intraperitoneally (i.p.), respectively. Control group received 0.9% NaCl i.p.. Injections were repeated twice daily for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia, pancreas tissues were removed and examined using immunohistological staining, light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Results: Prolonged use of ketamine caused histological alterations as observed by electron microscopy in all groups and by light microscopy in all groups except K40. Immunopositivities for insulin and glucagon was statistically significantly higher in the control group compared to study groups, but did not differ between study groups. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the long-term ketamine use had pathological effects on the pancreas histology. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that ketamine causes pancreas damage and should be used cautiously. Further investigations are needed to find out whether these effects are permanent or not.

The Effects of Long Term Ketamine Use on Pancreatic Islet Cells