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Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between baseline S-100B protein levels and prognosis and the value of S-100B protein as a marker to determine the severity of head trauma in childhood. Material and Methots: The study included 75 patients aged 0-18 years presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Unit of Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine between November 2005 and August 2006 and 15 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were categorized as mild, moderate and severe head trauma according to their GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) scores. Baseline blood samples were tested for S-100B protein levels within the first six hours. S-100B protein levels and the results of Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) were compared. Results: S-100B protein levels were increased in patients with moderate and severe head trauma. There was a significant correlation between ISS, RTS and PTS scores and S-100B protein levels (r was 0.769, -0.821, -0.833 for ISS, PTS and RTS, respectively and p<0.001 for each). Considering the cut-off value of S-100B 0.44 μgr/L, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 90%, 72.5%, 85.3% and 85.3%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between S-100B levels and GOS values at 3 months. S-100B levels of patients with a GOS score ≤3 were higher than patients with a score >3 (p<0,001). Conclusion: S-100B protein level has a strong predictive value to determine the severity of brain damage in head trauma patients. Thus, S-100B protein supplies important information about the severity of primary brain damage following head trauma.

The Correlation Between S-100B Protein Levels and Prognosis in Children with Head Trauma