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ABS TRACT Ob jec ti ve: α-meth ylacyl-Co A ra ce ma se (AMACR) is a use ful di ag nos tic mar ker for pros ta tic ade no car ci no ma with a high sen si ti vity and spe ci fi city. Alt ho ugh ori gi nally vi e wed as a mar ker pre fe ren ti ally ex pres sed in pros ta tic car ci no ma, furt her stu di es sho wed its ex pres si on in ot her tu mors. The aim of this study is to exp lo re the pat ho lo gic sig ni fi can ce of AMACR ex pres si on in non-in va si ve and in va si ve urot he li al car ci no mas (UCs) of the blad der. Ma te ri al and Met hods: A to tal of 160 UCs of the blad der and 77 ad ja cent tis su es with car ci no ma in si tu we re in ves ti ga ted for AMACR ex pres si on im mu no his toc he mi cally. Po si ti ve AMACR ex pres si on was de fi ned as cytop las mic sta i ning with gra nu lar pat tern. Sta i ning in ten sity was gra ded as 0 (ne ga ti ve), 1+ (we ak), 2+ (mo de ra te), or 3+ (strong). Po si ti vity was furt her clas si fi ed as fo cal or dif fu se. Re sults: Non-ne op las tic urot he li um re ve a led no ex pres si on of AMACR. The re was a sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cant po si ti ve cor re la ti on bet we en AMACR expres si on and gra de (p = 0.021). AMACR ex pres si on was sig ni fi cantly hig her in high-gra de UCs than low-gra de ones. AMACR ex pres si on was al so cor re la ted with the sta ge which was sig ni fi cantly hig her in in va si ve tu mors (p < 0.001). Although non sig ni fi cant, dif fu se sta i ning was pro mi nent in high gra de tu mors. Conc lu si on: In the pre sent study, AMACR was fo und to be ex pres sed in a sig ni fi cant num ber of urot he li al car ci no mas of the blad der. AMACR ex pres si on was shown to be cor re la ted with ad van ced tu mor gra de and sta ge. Our da ta sug gest that AMACR ex pres si on may be used as an ad di ti o nal prog nos tic in di ca tor in urot he li al car ci no mas. Eva lu a ti on of AMACR ex pres si on may al so be useful in de ter mi ning the ag gres si ve ca pa city of the se tu mors in tran su ret hral re sec ti on spe ci mens.

Alpha-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase Expression in Invasive and Non-Invasive Bladder Urothelial Carcinomas