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182 nychomycosis is the general name for a mycotic nail infection caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds. The prevalence of onychomycosis has been reported to be 2-30% and has increased in recent years.1 Onychomycosis is a highly prevalent infection worldwide with a range between 2% and 30%, corresponding to 50% of nail diseases and 30% of superficial mycoses. The classification is as follows; distal subungual, proximal subungual, candidal, white superficial and dystrophic onychomycosis. The aetiology of this condition is multifactorial. Old age, toenail deformities, onychodystrophy, diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, cellular immunity disorders, genetic predisposition, peripheral arterial circulatory disorder, other circulatory disorders, nail and nail fold microtrauma, and immunosuppression should be considered as risk factors for onychomycosis.2 Three types of fungus cause onychomycosis: The majortiy of toenail infections are caused by dermatophytes. Trichophyton rubrum is the most frequently isolated microorganism from toe nails of patients with onychomycosis. Yeasts are true fungi that lack hyphae and cannot therefore be classified as moulds. Candida albicans is the yeast most commonly isolated (5.6%). Yeasts typically affect fingernails rather than toenails. Moulds (nondermatophytic fungi) are more rarely involved and the most commonly isolated saprophytic mould is Aspergillus species.3

turkish journal of medical research/türkiye klinikleri journal of case reports

A Case of Onychomycosis Due to Aspergillus flavus in all Fingernails and Toenails of an Immunocompromised Patient and Healing with 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy