English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background: Hepatitis B infection is among the most significant public health challenge worldwide. The prevalence of HBV infection is common among most populations in Peshawar, including pregnant women. Objective: The present study aims to estimate the prevalence and complications associated with clinical parameters and risk factors in patients with HBV.  Methodology: A total 150 patients were reported and subjected to Enzyme linked assay (ELISA) for HBeAg test and HBs-Ag by immunochromaticgraphic assay (ICT). RT-PCR assay was used for detection of HBV DNA load. A study designed Performa was used for face-to-face interview to collect data from the study participants. Results: According to our study, highest prevalence was found in Peshawar 34% and the second highest prevalence in Waziristan 20.2%. The results showed highest prevalence in male (54%) than female (46%) and amongst female patients, 10% were pregnant. According to patient’s age, the highest prevalence was found group 26-35 years 34.2% and lowest prevalence was &lt;= 15 years 2.6%. In our study patients were reported on the base of antigen were 94 (62.7%) of patients with HBsAg positive and 56 HBeAg positive (37.3%). Among total patients, 5.3% were co-infected with HCV and no patients were observed co-infected with HDV or HIV. In current study, the prevalence of family affected on the base of relation was found with 21.3%, amongst these 9.3% (spouse affected), 2.7% (mother affected), sibling affected patients (4%) and children affected (5.3%) were observed. The data showed patients with normal ALT 81.3% and 18.7% with elevated and the patients 9.4% and 90.6% found with elevated and normal creatinine level respectively. The normal bilirubin (93.3%), raised bilirubin (6.7%), normal ultrasound (83.7%) and 16.3% dysfunction ultrasound were reported in patients after antiviral drugs treatment. The study surveyed 64%  and 36% patients reported under tenofovir  and entecavir treatment with different duration and 36%. The less mortality rate of patients leading HBV infection was reported 1.3% in this study due to renal failure and diabetics.  Conclusion: The male are more exposed to the environment and that is why highest frequency infected as compared to the female. The main reason of high HBV prevalence was less awareness in people and highest prevalence on the base of family history in spouse because may close contact. Keywords: HBV,Elisa, ICT, virus , antviral

Sero-prevalence and Associated Complications of Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa