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Recent evidence from visual word recognition points to the important role of embedded words, suggesting that embedded words are activated independently of whether they are accompanied by an affix or a non-affix. The goal of the present research was to more closely examine the mechanisms involved in embedded word activation, particularly with respect to the “edge-alignedness” of the embedded word. We conducted two experiments that used masked priming in combination with lexical decision. In Experiment 1, monomorphemic target words were either preceded by a compound word prime (e.g.,  textbook-BOOK/textbook-TEXT ), a compound-nonword prime (e.g.,  pilebook-BOOK/textpile-TEXT ), a non-compound nonword prime (e.g.,  pimebook-BOOK/textpime-TEXT ) or an unrelated prime (e.g.,  textjail-BOOK/jailbook-TEXT ). The results revealed significant priming effects, not only in the compound word and compound-nonword conditions, but also in the non-compound nonword condition, suggesting that embedded words (e.g.,  book ) were activated independently of whether they occurred in combination with a real morpheme (e.g.,  pilebook ) or a non-morphemic constituent (e.g.,  pimebook ). Priming in the compound word condition was greater than in the two nonword conditions, indicating that participants benefited from the whole-word representation of real compound words. Constituent priming occurred independently of whether the target word was the first or the second embedded constituent of the prime (e.g.,  textbook-BOOK  vs.  textbook-TEXT ). In Experiment 2, significant priming effects were found for edge-aligned embedded constituents (e.g.,  pimebook-BOOK ), but not for mid-embedded (e.g.,  pibookme-BOOK ) or the outer-embedded constituents (e.g.,  bopimeok-BOOK ), suggesting that edge-alignedness is a key factor determining the activation of embedded words.

Taking the Book from the Bookshelf: Masked Constituent Priming Effects from Compound Words and Nonwords