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【Purpose】This study aimed to investigate the relationship between structural properties(length and cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon)and the age of peak height velocity(PHV)and to examine if imbalance between the growth of bone and the muscle-tendon unit occurs around PHV. 【Methods】Eighty-seven Japanese children and adolescents aged 6.2 to 17.9 participated in this study. Based on their estimated age at PHV, the participants were separated into 3 groups(before adolescent growth spurt group:BA, initiation of adolescent growth spurt group:IA, and after PHV group:AP). The Achilles tendon length was defined as the distance between the distal myotendinous junction of the medial gastrocnemius and the Achilles tendon insertion at the calcaneus. Both the length and cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon were measured by using an ultrasonography technique. Relative Achilles tendon length and relative Achilles tendon cross-sectional area were calculated as a ratio of lower-leg-length(the distance between the popliteal crease and the malleolus lateralis)to the Achilles tendon length and as a ratio of body mass to the Achilles tendon cross-sectional area, respectively. 【Results】The length and cross-sectional area in IA and AP were significantly greater than those of BA. However, no group differences were observed in the relative Achilles among the groups(BA:51±5%, IA: 52±4%, AP:49±4%), and the relative cross-sectional area was significantly greater in BA than that of the other groups(BA:2.2±0.2 kg/mm 2 , IA:1.9±0.1 kg/mm 2 , AP:1.3±0.1 kg/mm 2 ). 【Conclusion】These results indicate that the imbalance of growth between bone length and muscletendon unit is not observed, and the proportion of tendon length to bone length is constant from childhood to adolescence. In addition, the children and adolescents before the adolescent growth spurt may protect tendon injuries because of the relatively larger tendon cross-sectional area.

The relationship between the length and cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon and age at peak height velocity