English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Bakgrunn: Hensikten med studien var a estimere kjonnsforskjeller og sosiale gradienter i sykefravaer med varighet over 16 dager blant unge norske kvinner og menn. Materiale og metode: Ved hjelp av registerkobling etablerte vi en populasjonsbasert kohort av alle 263 605 kvinner og 286 227 menn som var fodt i Norge 1967-76, som bodde i riket 1. januar 2000 og som hadde registrert sysselsetting under oppfolging 2000-03 (alder 23-36 ar). I oppfolgingsperioden ble sykefravaeret registrert i Rikstrygdeverkets (na Arbeids- og velferdsforvaltningen, NAV) register, og sysselsettingsdata ble innhentet i FDTrygd. Antall fravaer per 100 sysselsettingsar og antall fravaersdager per sysselsettingsar ble estimert, i tillegg til firears risiko for fravaer og diagnosespesifikt fravaer. Assosiasjoner med kjonn og eget og foreldres utdanningsniva (innhentet i SSBs utdanningsregister) ble estimert i multivariate regresjonsmodeller. Analysene ble utfort i subgrupper av barnlose, foreldre og vordende foreldre. Resultater: Totalt ble 390 664 fravaer registrert som i varighet utgjorde mer enn 90 000 ar. Det var en sterk kvinneovervekt i sykefravaer, spesielt under graviditet. Graviditet kunne forklare omtrent en tredel av kjonnsforskjellen. Justert hasardratio for kvinner med menn som referanse var 2,78 (95% konfidensintervall 2,71-2,85) for barnlose, 2,01 (1,94-2,08) for smabarnsforeldre og 18,02 (17,03-19,08) for vordende foreldre. Det var en sterk og konsistent gradient med okende fravaer for lavere eget utdanningsniva, spesielt for muskel- og skjelettfravaer utenom graviditet. Det var en svakere men konsistent gradient etter foreldres utdanningsniva, ogsa denne var sterkest for muskel- og skjelettfravaer utenom graviditet. Utdanningsgradientene var naermest fravaerende for fravaer under graviditet. Konklusjon: Det ble funnet en markant kjonnsforskjell i sykefravaer 2000-03 i en ung voksen befolkning som bare delvis kunne forklares av fravaer under graviditet, og som ikke kunne forklares av utdanningsniva, naeringsgruppe, familietype, arbeidstid eller inntekt. Sosiale ulikheter i fravaer vurdert etter eget og foreldres utdanningsniva var sterkest for muskel- og skjelettsykdom utenom graviditet. Kristensen P, Bjerkedal T. Gender differences and social gradients in sickness absence 2000-03 among Norwegians born 1967-76. Nor J Epidemiol 2009; 19 (2): 179-191. E NGLISH SUMMARY Background: The study aim was to estimate gender differences and social gradients in long-term (>16 days) sickness absence among young Norwegians. Material and methods: All live born in Norway, 1967-1976, were identified in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and linked to several national registers by means of the unique national identification number. The study cohort included all 549 832 subjects who were residents in Norway as of January 1 2000 and who had registered employment during follow-up 2000-2003 (age 23-36 years). Sickness absence spells were registered in the National Insurance Administration and employment history was collected in Norway's events data base (FD-trygd) during follow-up. Number of absence spells per 100 employment years and number of absence days per employment year were computed as were the four-year risk of absence and diagnosis-specific absence. Associations with gender and parental and own education level were estimated in multivariate regression models. The analyses were performed in subgroups of childless, parents, and expecting parents. Results: A total of 390 664 absence spells with a total duration of more than 90 000 years was registered. The female absence excess was strong. The absence was particularly high during pregnancy, and pregnancies could explain approximately one third of the female excess. Adjusted hazard ratios for women (reference men) were 2,78 (95% confidence interval 2,71-2,85) for childless, 2,01 (1,94-2,08) for parents to small children and 18,02 (17,03-19,08) for expecting parents. We found a strong and consistent gradient with increasing absence in association with decreasing education level, in particular for musculoskeletal absence. A weaker but still consistent gradient was found for parental education level, strongest for musculoskeletal spells as well. Absence during pregnancy showed nearly no educational gradients. Conclusions: We found a clear gender difference in sickness absence in this young adult population. The difference was only partly explained by absence during pregnancy, and was not explained by education level, employment industry, working hours, income or family characteristics. Social inequalities in sickness absence assessed from parental and own education level was strongest for muskuloskeletal spells.

Kjønnsforskjeller og sosiale ulikheter i sykefravær 2000-03 blant fødte i Norge, 1967-76