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In perinatal epidemiological research, mortality has been a central outcome. Compared to later periods in life, perinatal mortality has been, and still is, considerable. However, as perinatal mortality has decreased to a gratifying extent, perinatal and neonatal morbidity, as well as long-term health outcomes and their possible perinatal origin have come into focus. The first period of life is increasingly thought to be important in the aetiology of adult health and disease. Recent evidence suggests that factors acting in foetal life, during critical periods of growth and development, may biologically ‘programme’ adult chronic disease. Later experiences may modify these effects. Hence, adult chronic disease may also reflect cumulative lifetime unhealthy exposures. Health in early adulthood may be regarded as an intermediate variable on a causal pathway between intrauterine influences and adult disease development. Thus, elucidating influences of perinatal conditions on health in early adulthood may provide a better understanding of the “web of causation” linking early life exposures and adult disease. This article is based on a doctoral thesis in preparation, and two of its papers from a nationwide historical cohort study. The study assesses possible associations between perinatal conditions on one hand and adult body size and intelligence on the other.

Influences of perinatal conditions on adult body size and intellectual performance: a register-based cohort study