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Rice husk, which is an agricultural waste, provides a feasible alternative for the growth and propagation of denitrifying microorganisms. Nitrate and nitrite were removed using Immobilized Microorganisms (MO IM ) or Microorganisms in Solution (MO SO ). Microorganisms present in the rice husk biomass responsible for denitrification were identified as Pseudomonas, and other microorganisms have also been identified , as Oerskovia spp. Enterococcus sp. Bacillus mycoides and Escherichia coli . The influence of pH, temperature, C/N ratio and carbon source on biological denitrification were investigated. MO IM and MO SO consortium had optimal denitrifying performance at 25-30 °C and in pH 7-8. MO SO has average denitrification efficiency larger than MO IM . The MO IM denitrification efficiency was more sensitive to pH changes than the MO SO . Ethanol and sodium acetate were carbon sources for the denitrifying process. The efficiency of nitrate and nitrite removal using MO SO and ethanol or acetate with 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 C/N ratios were equivalents and above 97.00%. The denitrifying process presented was robust and it presented nitrate removal close to 100% during 10 cycles.

Valorization of Agro-Industrial By-products: Use of Rice Husk as a Source of Microorganisms to Denitrification of Water