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Aims: To investigate the effects of methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seed(MECLS) on experimentally induced benign prostate hyperplasia.Study design: Animal model of experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia.Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic MedicalSciences, Ikenne Campus, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria, between May 2010 and August2010.Methodology: Twenty adult male Wistar rats weighing about 135-180g were randomlydivided into four groups of five animals each. Group I, Normal control (NC) was givencorn oil as placebo 1g/Kg BW; Group II, Hormone treated control (HTC), Groups III, andIV hormone and extract treated (HTEC), received continuous dosage of 300μg and80μg of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) respectively on alternate days for threeweeks subcutaneously in the inguinal region while the extract treated received anadditional 2g/Kg BW (low dose) and 4g/Kg BW (high dose) of extract orally for 4 weeksafter the successful induction of prostate enlargement. Immediately after induction someanimals were randomly selected and sacrificed for gross inspection of prostateenlargement and sperm count evaluation, these procedures were repeated again afterfour weeks of extract treatment. Portion of the prostate were taken and processedroutinely for paraffin embedding and stained with H&E.Results: Hormone treatment did not affect the body weight of the animals; however itcaused a significant decrease in the weight of the testes and rendered all the ratsazoospermia. In addition, treatment with extracts caused a significant decrease in theenlarged prostate, seminal vesicle and testes sizes in a dose related manner (P<0.05) compared to the hormone treated control. Histological examination of prostate revealedthat the methanolic extract caused significant changes in its histo-architecture. Therewas an increase in the fibromuscular layer, decrease in prostatic acini size, shrinkage ofepithelium, and no infolding of the epithelium into the lumen, rather, it appeared flatcompared to the very distinct columnar epithelium of the hormone treated control andconspicuousness of the acini. The extracts further caused a dose dependent reductionin the prostates weight. PSA level was significantly lowered in both HTEC at low andhigh doses (P<0.05) in dose dependent manner.Conclusion: Administration of MECLS for one month reduced the prostate sizesignificantly (P< 0.05), both at high and low dose, but could not restore the initial size ofshrunken testes and severe oligospermia caused by the hormones. The histologicalstudies clearly establish MECLS as a potential candidate in management of androgendependent conditions like benign prostate hyperplasia

Effects of Methanolic Extract of Citrullus lanatus Seed on Experimentally Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia