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The article examines the state of the export-import activity of Russian regions for the 2005-2014 biennium. Estimated levels of import capacity (the proportion of imports in gross regional product) and export capacity by region. In 2012, marked by region (except for the Far Eastern Federal District) maximum level of import capacity. Characteristically annual decline in import capacity (from 2012 to 2014.) That characterizes the strengthening of the independence of the Russian economy from external agents. A system of indicators - export container, imported container import ratio of export specialization coefficient, coefficient of import specialization imbalance factor - allow a detailed assessment of the effectiveness of development programs implemented by the state in the import system, identifying strengths and weaknesses of the position in achieving the priorities. A typology of regions for the import capacity with differentiation into groups with borderline values quantify that allows you to define areas requiring help for improvement in the external economic development of the vector. Completed specialization Russian regions for foreign economic activity in the grocery section that allows you to adjust regional development programs relative competitiveness of products: on the food route, fuel and energy complex, chemical industry, wood processing, metal processing, mechanical engineering. The necessity to review the efficiency of import substitution policies at the micro, meso, macro level: from the standpoint of achieving the goals of the individual enterprise, the formation of the region's industrial production chains with a complete production cycle, improve the level of national security. The results of testing of the proposed instruments have demonstrated the feasibility of its use for an objective assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of actual or potential import substitution projects in the domestic industrial sector of the economy

Foreign economic relations of regions as an indicator of economic security