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cooler, diffuse hydrothermal fluids directly from the basaltic seafloor, rather than from hydrothermal mineral constructions;(9) rapid and extensive growth of flocculent white bacterial mats (species unknown) on and under the seafloor in areasexperiencing widespread venting of diffuse hydrothermal fluid; and (10) subseafloor downslope migration of magma normalto the ridge axis in a network of small-scale (1-5 m diameter) lava tubes and channels to distances at least 100-200 moutside the ASC.We suggest that, in April, 1991, intrusion of dikes in the eruption area to < 200 m beneath the ASC floor resulted inphase separation of fluids near the tops of the dikes and a large flux of vapor-rich hydrothermal fluids through the overlyingrubbly, cavernous lavas. Low salinities and gas-rich compositions of hydrothermal fluids sampled in the eruption area areappropriate for a vapor phase in a seawater system undergoing subcritical liquid-vapor phase separation (boiling) and phasesegregation. Hydrothermal fluids streamed directly from fissures and pits that may have been loci of lava drainback and/orhydrovolcanic explosions. These fissures and pits were lined with white mats of a unique fast-growing bacteria that was theonly life associated with the brand-new vents. The prolific bacteria, which covered thousands of square meters on the ridgecrest and were also abundant in subseafloor voids, may thrive on high levels of gases in the vapor-rich hydrothermal fluidsinitially escaping the hydrothermal system. White bacterial particulates swept from the seafloor by hydrothermal ventsswirled in an unprecedented biogenic 'blizzard' up to 50 m above the bottom. The bacterial proliferation of April, 1991 islikely to be a transient bloom that will be checked quickly either by decline of dissolved gas concentrations in the fluids asrapid heat loss brings about cessation of boiling, and/or by grazing as other organisms are re-established in the biologicallydevastated area

zenodo (cern european organization for nuclear research)

Hydrothermal vent distribution along the East Pacific Rise crest (9°09′–54′N) and its relationship to magmatic and tectonic processes on fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges