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The recent progress in high-spatial-resolution techniques, spanningwavelengths from the visual to the radio regime, is leading to new valuableinsights into the complex dynamical atmospheres of Asymptotic Giant Branch(AGB) stars and their wind forming regions. Striking examples are images ofasymmetries and inhomogeneities in the photospheric and dust-forming layerswhich vary on time-scales of months. These features are probably related tolarge-scale convective flows predicted by 3D star-in-a-box models. Furthermore,high-resolution observations make it possible to measure dust condensationdistances, and they give information about the chemical composition and sizesof dust grains in the close vicinity of cool giants. These are essentialconstraints for building realistic models of wind acceleration and developing apredictive theory of mass loss for AGB stars, which is a crucial ingredient ofstellar and galactic chemical evolution models.

(Re)solving Mysteries of Convection and Mass Loss of AGB Stars: What New Models and Observations Tell Us About Long-Standing Problems