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Diagnostic enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were determined as indices of heavy metal pollution in Tilapiaguinensis. Three different sets of fishes treated with lead (Pb), iron(Fe) and copper (Cu) were used for the study while a fourth groupwith no heavy metal served as a control. Fishes in each of the groupswere exposed to 2.65mg/l of Pb, 0.85mg/l of Fe and 0.35 mg/l of Cuin aerated aquaria for 96 hours. Tissue fractionation of the livertissues was carried out and the three diagnostic enzymes (AST, ALT,and ALP) were estimated. Serum levels of the same diagnosticenzymes were also measured. The mean values of the serum enzymeactivity for ALP in each experimental group were 19.5±1.62,29.67±2.17 and 1.15±0.27 IU/L for Pb, Fe and Cu groups comparedwith 9.99±1.34 IU/L enzyme activity in the control. This resultshowed that Pb and Fe caused increased release of the enzyme intothe blood circulation indicating increased tissue damage while Cucaused a reduction in the serum level as compared with the level inthe control group. The mean values of enzyme activity obtained inthe liver were 102.14±6.12, 140.17±2.06 and 168.23±3.52 IU/L forPb, Fe and Cu groups, respectively compared to 91.20±9.42 IU/Lenzyme activity for the control group. The serum and liver AST andALT activities obtained in Pb, Fe, Cu and control groups arereported. It was generally noted that the presence of the heavy metalcaused liver tissues damage and consequent increased level of thediagnostic enzymes in the serum.

Assessment of Diagnostic Enzymes as Indices of Heavy Metal Pollution in Tilapia Fish