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New developments in our observational capabilities present an unprecedented opportunity to make significant progress towards an integrated ability to address scientific issues of both the ocean and ice components of the Arctic Ocean system. In the coming decade, data from gravity satellites (GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) and GOCE (Gravity and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer)), and polar-orbiting altimeters (e.g. ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite), ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite), and upcoming CryoSat-2 (CRYOgenic SATellite), ICESat-2, and SWOT (Surface Water Ocean Topography)) will provide basin-scale fields of gravity and surface elevation. Together with an optimally designed in-situ hydrographic observation network, these data sets will have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the iceocean interactions, circulation and mass variations of the Arctic Ocean. Recent work has demonstrated the combined use of GRACE and bottom pressure recorder (BPR) data for understanding the Arctic circulation, and the use of high precision altimeters for documenting recent decline in sea ice thickness. We describe several topics of particular interest in the use of satellite and insitu data, and the considerations for the design of an observational network for hydrographic sampling.

Combining Satellite Altimetry, Time-Variable Gravity, and Bottom Pressure Observations to Understand the Arctic Ocean: A Transformative Opportunity