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Leptin is a 16kD protein that is produced by adipocytes and regulates fat stores and body weight by affecting the appetite and thermogenesis. It is known that a correlation exists between the circulating leptin level and body mass index. It is also known that the plasma leptin level is higher in women than men, particularly in pregnant women, and rises with the onset of puberty. Leptin has been shown in vitro to affect the hypothalamic-pituitary release of gonadotropin and ovarian steroidogenesis, suggesting that leptin may be associated with normal reproductive events. This paper reports the relationship among the plasma leptin level, sex hormones, nutritional intake and eating behavior for ovulatory functions.The serum leptin concentration was correlated with the serum estradiol concentration, and changed during the menstrual cycle. The serum leptin concentration in the group with an ovulatory dysfunction was lower than that in the group with regular ovulation. The fat intake, irregularity of eating behavior and smoking habits in the group with the ovulatory dysfunction were more prominent than in the group with regular ovulation. The lower leptin level may have reflected nutritional abnormalities and eating behavior.Leptin should therefore be considered a key factor for indicating regular ovulation or an ovulatory dysfunction.

Serum Leptin Concentration in Women with an Ovulatory Dysfunction: Effects of Nutritional Intake and Eating Behavior