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Relevance: Increased incidence of lung cancer globally&#x0D;and in Kazakhstan, lack of screening in hereditary cases, high&#x0D;mortality, and low survival of patients necessitate the study of&#x0D;the molecular genetic causes of the disease. At present, gene&#x0D;mutation studies for lung cancer diagnostics are expanding.&#x0D;However, many gene mutations revealed remain undercovered&#x0D;in the scientific literature, and there is not enough data on their&#x0D;prognostic and diagnostic value.&#x0D;The purpose of the study was to discover the specifics of&#x0D;the р53 gene mutations and reveal the EGFR exon 19 deletions&#x0D;and exon 21 L858R mutations in malignant tumors of the lung&#x0D;of various histogenesis.&#x0D;Methods: The mutations were studied in tumors (200 samples) and adjacent tissue (200 samples) of patients with lung&#x0D;cancer (squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma&#x0D;(ADC) of the lung) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electrophoresis, and EcoR1- and Pst1-restriction of samples after p53&#x0D;gene fragments and cDNA amplification and mRNA revertase&#x0D;treatment. Another 263 lung cancer samples were evaluated&#x0D;by real-time PCR for EGFR exon 19 deletions and EGFR exon 21&#x0D;L858R mutations.&#x0D;Results: The p53 gene was not expressed in 50% of SCC and&#x0D;adenocarcinoma of the lung samples. Restriction revealed p53&#x0D;mRNA mutations in 100% of SCC and 75% of ADC samples. p53&#x0D;exon-intron 5-6 was mutated in 50% of ADC and 70% of SCC&#x0D;samples, exon-intron 7-9 – in 60% of SCC cases. EGFR exons 19&#x0D;and 21 mutations found in 65 of 263 lung tumor samples were&#x0D;associated with increased sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase&#x0D;inhibitors.&#x0D;Conclusion: The p53 gene mutations revealed in most&#x0D;samples of SCC and ADC of the lung could be used to diagnose&#x0D;lung cancer and predict its severity. The identified EGFR mutations allow predicting the effectiveness of targeted therapy

p53 and EGFR gene mutations in malignant tumors of the lung