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Relevance: Melanoma is considered one of the most&#x0D;aggressive tumors. It is distinguished by early and multiple metastases, often unsatisfactory outcomes, and a&#x0D;variety of clinical and morphological forms. Its incidence&#x0D;is steadily growing in the world and the Republic of Tajikistan. The official statistics reported 222 newly diagnosed&#x0D;cases of skin melanoma in 2018 vs. 159 in 2010. According&#x0D;to our figures, patients below 40 years are mostly women&#x0D;(56.2%), older patients are mostly men. The peak incidence&#x0D;is at the age of 40 and above, with the average patient age&#x0D;of 53. Other ages are also affected, including 1-2 cases at&#x0D;the age of 0-4 years.&#x0D;The purpose of the study was to analyze the specifics of diagnostics, treatment, and survival rates of patients&#x0D;with skin melanoma in the Republic of Tajikistan and assess the errors in diagnostics and tactics at the primary&#x0D;healthcare level.&#x0D;Results: We studied the medical records of 26 patients&#x0D;treated in-patiently at the Republican Oncological Scientific Center of the Republic of Tajikistan in 2017-2019. The&#x0D;patient age varied from 20 to 89 years, men (73.1%) prevailed, the peak incidence was at the age of 45-66 years.&#x0D;More than half of the patients came to treatment within&#x0D;two years after the onset of the disease. The disease factors included: trauma incl. surgical intervention (38.4%),&#x0D;hereditary factor (7.7%), spontaneous occurrence (30.7%),&#x0D;and precancer diseases (nevi) (23.1%). The diagnosis was&#x0D;verified before surgery in 14 (53.8%) cases, intraoperatively&#x0D;in 2 (7.7%), and post-surgery in 10 (38.5%). The tumor was&#x0D;localized mainly on the body (38.5%) and the lower limb&#x0D;(23.1%). 21 (80.8%) patients underwent various surgical&#x0D;interventions, 5 (19.2%) patients refused surgery. 8 (30.8%)&#x0D;patients had metastases at diagnosis; in 4 (15.4%), metastases appeared up to 3 years after surgery. The mortality&#x0D;before three years was 12 (46.2%). The 3-year observed&#x0D;survival was 52.1%.&#x0D;Conclusion: Timely diagnostics and optimal choice&#x0D;of treatment in skin melanoma are of importance. A high&#x0D;rate of diagnostic errors at the general practitioners’ level&#x0D;affects the overall survival of patients.

Some aspects of skin melanoma diagnostics and treatment in the Republic of Tajikistan