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Th e Dioscorea sambiranensis species complex is endemic to Northern and North- Western Madagascar. Its taxa have broad, cordate leaves with petioles roughly equal in length to the blade, lax male infl orescences with fl owers on long pedicels arranged in cymules of usually fi ve or more fl owers and fl at discoid fl oral tori. Following study of its morphological variation, two new taxa in the complex are described and illustrated. Dioscorea buckleyana Wilkin was part of a mixed taxo- nomic concept under the invalid name D. sambiranensis R.Knuth subsp. ambrensis H.Perrier. It is glabrous like D. pteropoda H.Perrier, but diff ers in petiole and leaf blade morphology (especially blade texture), pedicel length and capsule morphol- ogy. Clarifi cation of the limits of D. sambiranensis R.Knuth revealed an unde- scribed subspecies, subsp. bardotiae Wilkin, which diff ers in leaf blade and petiole dimensions, and lacks the surface ornamentation of the ovary and capsule found in subsp. sambiranensis. Th e relationship of D. sambiranensis with D. namoro kensis Wilkin is revealed. Keys, descriptions and a distribution map are provided for all the taxa covered, and conservation status assessments given. Th e latter show that all of the taxa of the complex are, or are likely to be, threatened.

The threatened edible yams of theDioscorea sambiranensisR.Knuth species complex (Dioscoreaceae): a new species and subspecies