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Carrying a heavy backpack has become a phenomenon among school children and adults. A review of the literature on the effect of carrying backpack loads on the trunk backward and forward lean in children and adults showed that with a load of even less than 15% of body weight, children have to walk with a forward lean of the trunk, whereas adults are in a forward lean position only with a backpack loads of more than 27% of their body weight. Due to these biomechanical studies, a mathematical model of the upper body representing trunk and head inclination angles is developed in this paper. The model was a two-link planar of rigid bodies in two-dimensional space. The objectives of this study were to investigate the motion of the trunk and also to develop the mathematical model so that the joint forces and moments acting on the body can be determined. The equations of motion for this model were written based on Kane’s dynamical equation of motion.

A biomechanical model via Kane’s equation – solving trunk motion with load carriage