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Resumen En este estudio se han analizado los efectos del entrenamiento combinado de pliometria y electroestimulacion en un entrenamiento de fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores. El estudio incluyo tres grupos experimentales, que trabajaron ambos metodos en orden diferente y de forma simultanea, y uno de control. Participaron 78 atletas, 40 mujeres y 38 hombres, de disciplinas de velocidad (100 y 200 m lisos y 100 y 110 m vallas), con una edad de 17,94 ± 1,44 anos y una masa de 58,53 ± 8,05 kg. El programa incluyo dos dias / sem de entrenamiento pliometrico y dos sesiones utilizando un electroestimulador Megasonic 313-P4. Tras dos meses de entrenamiento, se midio con plataforma de contacto ORGANISER PSION 2 la altura de salto vertical y potencia del tren inferior en test de Abalakov y Drop Jump. Las mayores diferencias pre/post test (p < 0.001) de altura y potencia de salto se obtuvieron en el programa que realizo ejercicios pliometricos posteriores a la aplicacion de la electroestimulacion. El entrenamiento de electroestimulacion y pliometria llevado a cabo de forma simultanea produjo un estancamiento en el rendimiento de los atletas. Palabras clave : fuerza muscular; componente explosivo-elastico; potencia muscular; salto Abalakov; drop jump. Abstract This paper analyses the effects of combined electrostimulation and plyometric training on lower body strength training. The training programme was applied to three experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups used both methods simultaneously but in different order. The participants were 78 sprinters (100m and 200m, and 100m and 110m hurdles), 38 male and 40 female. Their average age was 15,9 ± 1,4 years and their average weight was 58,53 ± 8,05kg. The training programme consisted in two days a week of plyometric training and two sessions with a Megasonic 313-P4 electrostimulation unit. After two months training, vertical jump height and lower body power were measured in Abalakov test and Drop Jump test with PSION ORGANISER II. The most significant pre- and post-test (p < 0.001) improvements in height and jump power were obtained in the programme combining electrostimulation with subsequent plyometric exercises. Simultaneous electrostimulation and plyometric exercises caused performance stagnancy. Key words : muscle strength; explosive-elastic component; muscle power; Abalakov jump; drop jump. doi:10.5232/ricyde2010.02106  R eferencias/references Brocherie, F.; Babault, N.; Cometti, G.; Maffiuletti, N., y Chatard, J. C. (2005). Electrostimulation training effects on the physical performance of ice hockey players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 37(3), 455-460. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000155396.51293.9F Child, R. B.; Brown, S. J.; Day, S. H.; Saxton, J. M., y Donnelly, A. E. (1998). Manipulation of knee extensor force using percutaneous electrical myostimulation during eccentric actions: Effects on indices of muscle damange in humans. International Journal of Sports Medicine , 19(7), 468-473. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971946 PMid:9839843 Cigdem, B.; Ozlen, S.; Ozlen, P.; Aylin, K., y Elif, A. (2002). Efficacy of two forms of electrical stimulation in increasing quadriceps strength: Arandomizer controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation , 16(2), 194-199. doi:10.1191/0269215502cr467oa PMid:11911517 Colson, S.; Martin, A., y Van Hoecke, J. (2000). Re- examination of training effects by electrostimulation in the human elbow musculoskeletal system. International Journal of Sports Medicine , 21, 281-288. doi:10.1055/s-2000-8882 PMid:10853700 Eriksson, E.; Haggmark, T.; Kiesseling, K-H., y Karlsson, J. (1981). Effect of electrical stimulation on human skeletal muscle. International Journal of Sport Medicine , 2, 18-22. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034578 PMid:7333731 Gondin, J.; Guetie, M.; Ballay, Y., y Martin, A. (2006). Neural and muscular changes to detraining after electrostimulation training. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology , 97(2), 165-173. doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0159-z PMid:16525811 Hainaut, K., y Duchateau, J. (1992). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise. Sports Medicine , 14(2), 100-113. doi:10.2165/00007256-199214020-00003 PMid:1509225 Herrero, J.; Izquierdo, M.; Maffiuletti, N., y Garcia-Lopez, J. (2006). Electromyostimulation and plyometric training effects on jumping and sprint time. International Journal of Sports Medicine , 27, 533-539. doi:10.1055/s-2005-865845 PMid:16802248 Lake, D. (1992). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Sports Medicine , 13(5), 320-336. doi:10.2165/00007256-199213050-00003 PMid:1565927 Maffiuletti, N.; Cometti, G.; Amiridis, I.; Martin, A.; Pousson, M., y Chatard, J.(2000). The effects of electrostimulation of the training and basketball practice on muscle strength and jumping ability. International Journal of Sports Medicine , 21(6), 437-443. doi:10.1055/s-2000-3837 PMid:10961520 Maffiuletti, N.; Dugnani, S.; Folz, M.; Di Pierno, E., y Mauro, F. (2002). Effects of combined electrostimulation and plyometric training of vertical jump height. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 34(10), 1638-1644. doi:10.1097/00005768-200210000-00016 Maffiuletti, N. (2008). Correspondence: Cautionis required when comparing the effectiveness of voluntary versus stimulated versus combined strength training modalities. Sports Medicine , 38(5), 437-440. doi:10.2165/00007256-200838050-00006 PMid:18416596 Paillard, T.; Noe, F.; Passelergue, P., y Dupui, P. (2006). Electrical stimulation superimposed onto voluntary muscular contraction. S ports Medicine , 35(11), 951-966. doi:10.2165/00007256-200535110-00003 PMid:16271009 Petrofsky, J. (2008). The effects of the subcutaneous fat on the transfer of current through skin and into muscle. Medical Engineering and Physics , 30(9), 1168-1176. doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2008.02.009 Toca-Herrera, J. L.; Gallach, J. E.; Gomis, M., y Gonzalez, L. M. (2008). Cross-education after one session of unilateral surface electrical stimulation of the rectus femoris. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 22(2), 614-618. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181660830 PMid:18550981

revista internacional de ciencias del deporte

Efecto del entrenamiento combinado de pliometría y electroestimulación en salto vertical. (Effect of combined plyometric and electrostimulation training on vertical jump).