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Historicamente la relacion entre la actividad fisica y el embarazo no ha estado completamente clara. La gran cantidad de estudios cientificos no han producido suficientes hallazgos que otorguen informacion clara y concreta sobre la dosis adecuada de ejercicio durante la gestacion. El presente trabajo pretende conocer la relacion entre los habitos de actividad fisica durante el embarazo y la edad gestacional materna al momento del parto, asi como el peso del recien nacido. Se ha utilizado un estudio de tipo transversal, de casos y controles, retrospectivo, 473 mujeres del area de Madrid han sido entrevistadas, edad entre 17 y 41 anos, (media= 31,9±4). Todas ellas caucasicas y de origen hispano. Nuestros resultados muestran en el grupo de casos una edad gestacional similar (273±9,1 dias) al de control (278±9,5), y recien nacidos con pesos inferiores (3171±443) que las que no desarrollan ningun tipo de actividad fisica regular o programada (3289±583) (p=0,01). El ejercicio fisico desarrollado durante el embarazo reduce aparentemente el peso del recien nacido y no tiene influencia en la edad gestacional materna. Palabras clave : ejercicio; embarazo; edad gestacional; peso de nacimiento. Abstract Historically the relationship between physical activity and pregnancy has not been totally clear. Despite the large number of scientific studies carried out, the appropriate amount of exercise during pregnancy is still not clarified and the question remains open. The aim of the present study was to understand the relationship between the physical activity habits during pregnancy and the maternal gestational age at the moment of the childbirth, as well as the weight of the newborn. A transversal study type has been used, involving two groups of cases and control, retrospective, and 473 women of the city of Madrid (age between 17 y 41 - mean= 31,9±4) have been interviewed. All of them were Caucasian y with Hispanic origin. According to our results, the cases group shows a similar gestational age (273±9,1 days) to that of the control group (278±9,5) but the average newborn`s weight (3171±443) is less, in comparison with the cases that did not follow any type of scheduled physical activity (3289±583) (p=0,01). We conclude that the physical exercise developed during pregnancy apparently reduces the weight of the newborn but it does not influence the gestational age. Key words : exercise; pregnancy; gestational age; birth weight. doi:10.5232/ricyde2010.02003 Texto completo: PDF  ACOG. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (2002). Exercise during pregnancy y the postpartum period . Committe Opinion No 267 . Washington, DC. January. Obstet Gynecol; 99:171-3. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01749-5 Artal, R.; Lockwood, C., & Brown H. (2010) Weight gain recommendations in pregnancy y the obesity epidemic. Obstet Gynecol.;115(1):152-5. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c51908 PMid:20027048 Artal R., & O'Toole M. (2003) Guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists for exercise during pregnancy y the postpartum period. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(1):6-12; discussion 12. doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.1.6 PMid:12547738 PMCid:1724598 Barakat, R.; Stirling, J., & Lucia, A. (2008) Does exercise training during pregnancy affect gestational age? A randomized controlled trial. Br J Sports Med;42(8):674-8. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.047837 PMid:18552370 Barakat, R.; Alonso, G.; Rodriguez, M., y Rojo, J. (2006) Ejercicio fisico y los resultados del embarazo. Prog Obstet Ginecol; 49(11): 630-8. doi:10.1016/S0304-5013(06)72664-4 Dwarkanath, P.; Muthayya, S.; Vaz, M.; Thomas, T.; Mhaskar, A.; Mhaskar, R.; Thomas, A.; Bhat, S., & Kurpad, A. (2007) The relationship between maternal physical activity during pregnancy y birth weight. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 16(4):704-10. PMid:18042532 Gavard J.A. & Artal R. (2008) Effect of exercise on pregnancy outcome. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jun;51(2):467-80. Review. doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31816feb1d PMid:18463475 Olson, C. (2008) Achieving a healthy weight gain during pregnancy. Annu Rev Nutr;28:411-23. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155322 PMid:18422452 Voldner, N.; Froslie, K.; Haakstad, L.; Bo, K., & Henriksen, T. (2009) Birth complications, overweight, y physical inactivity. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand;88(5):550-5. doi:10.1080/00016340902818162 PMid:19277916

revista internacional de ciencias del deporte

Actividad física durante embarazo, su relación con la edad gestacional materna y el peso de nacimiento. (Physical activity during pregnancy, its relationship to gestational age y birth weight).