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El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de establecer una propuesta de como se ha caracterizado en la literatura especializada la relacion que pueda existir entre la optimizacion del rendimiento deportivo y el mantenimiento del estado de salud del deportista. Para conseguir este objetivo se ha desarrollado una exhaustiva busqueda de documentacion bibliografica que incluian las bases de datos mas relevantes de nuestro campo: sportdiscus, pubmed, healthstar, medline, cesic-isoc, teseo, dited, psycinfo, ibecs, y networked digital library. De la combinatoria relacional producida, el numero total de documentos encontrados ha sido de 791, reteniendo 115 para su posterior analisis. Los resultados han revelado que aspectos como el equilibrio articular y muscular, la prevencion de lesiones, el dopaje y sus efectos nocivos, el control nutricional, dietetico y ergogenico, y el control de la composicion corporal, pueden ser, a priori, indicadores muy importantes de esta relacion en deportistas activos. Por otro lado, indicadores como el proceso de desentrenamiento, la reinsercion a la vida “normal”, o los planes de promocion para exdeportistas, pueden ser a priori, indicadores muy importantes de esta relacion en deportistas ya retirados hace anos. El analisis conjunto de estos indicadores podria ofrecer un importante dato sobre la relacion que mantienen el rendimiento y la salud, tanto en la vida activa del deportista como una vez ya retirado. Palabras clave : rendimiento deportivo; salud; doping; desentrenamiento; prevencion de lesiones; sociologia; equilibrio artromuscular.  Abstract The aim of this work is of establishing a proposal of how it has been characterized in the specializing literature the connection that could exist between the optimization of the sports performance and the maintenance of the athlete’s health condition. To achieve this aim it has developed an exhaustive search of bibliographical documentation which it was including the most relevant databases of our field: sportdiscus, pubmed, healthstar, medline, cesic-isoc, teseo, dited, psycinfo, ibecs, and networked digital library. Of the relational combinatorial analysis produced, the total number of documents found has been of 791, retaining 115 for their subsequent analysis. The results have revealed that aspects like the muscle and joint balance, the prevention of injuries, the doping and its harmful effects, the nutritional dietetic and ergogenic control, and the control of the corporal composition, can be, in a first moment, very important indicators of this relation in active athletes. On the other hand, indicators like the process of detraining, the rehabilitation to the ordinary life, or the plans of promotion for ex-athletes, can be a priori, very important indicators of this relation in athletes already retired years ago. The joint analysis of these indicators might offer important information on the connection that the performance and the health keep, as much in the athletes´ active life as once already retired. Key words : sports performance; health, doping; detraining; prevention of injuries; sociology; muscle and joint balance. doi:10.5232/ricyde2009.01403 Texto completo en PDF  Referencias/references Benito Peinado y cols (2007). 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Sport in society, 10 (2), 239-255. doi:10.1080/17430430601147096 Pelliccia, A.; Maron, B.J.; De Luca, R.; Di Paolo, F.M.; Spataro, A. y Culasso, F. (2002). Remodeling of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite athletes after long-term deconditioning. Circulation, 105 (8), 944-949. doi:10.1161/hc0802.104534 PMid:11864923 Soderman, K.; Werner, S.; Pietila, T.; Engstrom, B. y Alfredson,H. (2000). Balance board training: prevention of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities in female soccer players? A prospective randomized intervention study. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy, 8 (6), 356-363. doi:10.1007/s001670000147 Stambulova, N. y Stephan, Y. (2007). Athletic retirement: A cross-national comparison of elite French and Swedish Athletes. Psychology of Sport & Exercise. 8, 101-118. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.05.002 Stasinopoulos, D. (2004). Comparison of three preventive methods in order to reduce the incidence of ankle inversion sprains among female volleyball players. British journal in sports medicine, 38 (2), 182-185. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2002.003947 PMid:15039256 PMCid:1724780 Stephan, Y.; Bilard, J.; Ninot, G. y Deligneres, D. (2003b) Repercussions of transition out of elite sport on subjective well-being: a one-year study. Journal of applied sport psychology, 15 (4), 354-371. doi:10.1080/714044202 Torjussen, J. y Bahr, R. (2005). Injuries among competitive snowboarders at the national elite level. American journal of sports medicine, 33 (3), 370-377. doi:10.1177/0363546504268043 PMid:15716252 Verhagen, E.; Van der Beek, A.J.; Bouter, L.M.; Bahr, R.M. y Van Mechelen, W. (2004). A one season prospective cohort study of volleyball injuries. British journal of sports medicine, 38 (4), 477-481. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2003.005785 PMid:15273190 PMCid:1724865 Wagner, J.C. (1991). Enhancement of athletic performance with drugs. 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revista internacional de ciencias del deporte

¿Es compatible el máximo rendimiento deportivo con la consecución y mantenimiento de un estado saludable del deportista? (Is compatible the maximum sports performance of the athlete with the attainment and maintenance of a healthy condition?)