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Received: 28.08.2016 Accepted: 03.10.2016 1Provincial Health Care Services, Institute of Pathology, Santa Maria del Carmine Hospital, Rovereto (TN) 2Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Lino Rossi Research Center, University of Milan, Milan (MI) 3Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena (MO) Yazışma adresi: Luca Roncati, MD, PhD, Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Division of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, I-41124, Modena, Italy e-mail: emailmedical@gmail.com According to the definition of the United Nations Environment Programme and of the World Health Organization, the endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) are foreign substances that alter the homeostasis of the endocrine system, causing adverse effects in a previously (up to the time of the exposure) healthy organism1. They can influence the endocrine system, acting as hormonal molecules2. They are bio-persistent because of their degradation resistance in the environment and they can be found in pesticides, metals, additives or contaminants of food, deep and superficial waters, and personal care products3. Today, the role of EDCs in many human diseases is under investigation and particular attention has been focused on maternal, fetal, and childhood exposure4-6. In this regard, we have investigated, by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), the concentration of EDCs in 51 cortex specimens obtained from 43 cases of sudden intrauterine unexplained death syndrome (SIUDS) and 8 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), occurred in the Northeast Italy, a region notoriously devoted to fruit cultivation7. More in detail, 25 EDCs have been subjected to GC-MS, following the standard protocols. Among the analyzed substances, five organochlorine pesticides, that is α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, heptachlor, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and the two most sold organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinfos, have been detected at part-per-billion (ppb) levels in 15 cases with SIUDS and 3 cases with SIDS. Therefore, environmental EDCs are able to cross the placental barrier, and enter into fetal and neonatal brains8. Here, they can induce developmental alterations, especially in the basal nuclei, the major controllers of the vital functions, and impairment of the receptorial expression of orexin9. These findings imply a conceptual redefinition of the fetal-placental and fetal blood-brain barriers (not insuperable barriers, but rather layers for delayed absorption), and open the way for a possible EDC involvement in stillbirth, too.

Growing evidence related to the association between endocrine disruptor chemicals and stillbirth