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Radiomic features are currently being evaluated as potential imaging biomarkers. Deformable image registration (DIR) is now routinely applied in many medical imaging applications. Usually, DIR is applied in one of two ways: a) mapping the surface of a contoured volume, or b) mapping the image intensities. This study investigated radiomic feature stability when DIR is applied in these two ways using four dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) data. DIR was applied between the inspiration and expiration phases of 4DCT datasets. Radiomic features were extracted from (1) the expiration phases of 25 lung cancer 4DCT datasets within the contoured tumor volumes, (2) the inspiration phases with the mapped tumor volumes, and (3) the inspiration phases deformed to the corresponding expiration phases of the original contoured volumes. The mean variation and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between these 3 sets of features were analyzed. Many features were found unstable (mean variation > 50% or CCC < 0.5) when DIR was applied in either way. Caution is needed in radiomic feature applications when DIR is necessary.

Evaluation of Radiomic Features Stability When Deformable Image Registration Is Applied