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This paper provides an effective method for evaluating the second moments such as variance and covariance for the number of departures in two-node tandem queue with unreliable servers. The behavior of the system is described by a level dependent quasi-birth-and-death process and the departure process is modeled by a Markovian arrival process. Algorithms for the transient behavior, the variance and covariance structure for the output process and the time to the nth departure are developed. We show that the results can be applied to derive approximate formulae for the due-date performance and the distribution of the number of outputs in a time interval.

Variance of Departure Process in Two-Node Tandem Queue with Unreliable Servers and Blocking