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Humans sometimes experience negative emotions caused by electronic devices that impede their task(s). User experience researchers have examined technology-caused negative affect by collecting task performance metrics, user feedback, and/or human physiological data like skin temperature or blood pressure for more insight. Much research has been done to determine the amount of negative affect produced by the humans during these events. However, these methods usually require the user to self-report their negative feelings through Likert scales, pressure-sensitive devices or other manual methods. Task performance measures have also been used in lieu of asking a user what they feel. In this research, we adapt OCC Theory for use with physiological data for quantifying negative affect in human-computer interactions, along with asking a person how they feel about an application. In addition, we observe how negative affect amounts impact task performance measures in a usability study by adding random system delays into an application to induce negative feelings. Results from this work showed productivity does not always degrade when negative feelings are experienced by a user. In addition, some types of negative affect may have the opposite effect and allow a user to increase their performance under the right conditions.

Quantifying Negative Affect - Usability Testing to Observe the Effect of Negative Emotions on User Productivity Through the Use of Biosignals and OCC Theory