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including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, CD, UC, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and panuveitis. However, it has not been approved for intestinal BD. In Japan, a phase 3, non-randomized, non-controlled, single-arm clinical trial tested adalimumab for intestinal BD refractory to conventional therapy. Of 20 patients, 60% achieved marked improvement at week 52 and 20% achieved complete remission at weeks 24 and 52. Based on this open-label clinical trial and case reports, adalimumab was recently approved and recommended as a standard therapy for intestinal BD in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea. More evidence should be accumulated for the concrete conclusion that adalimumab is effective in the treatment of intestinal BD. The study by Inoue et al. was a follow-up extension study of the aforementioned phase 3 study. The authors found that 100 weeks of long-term adalimumab treatment for patients with intestinal BD who were refractory to conventional therapy was effective without any significant unexpected adverse events. Of the 20 patients enrolled in this study, 60% of patients at week 52 and 40% of patients at week 100 achieved marked improvement; 20% of patients at week 52 and 15% of patients at week 100 achieved complete remission. The improvement of both clinical and endoscopic disease activities in patients with refractory intestinal BD was observed. The incidence of adverse events during the study was 544.4 events per 100 person-years (190 events) at week 100, which was comparable to 560.4 events per 100 person-years (102 Intestinal Behçet’s disease (BD), which has pathogenesis and clinical features similar to IBD, tends to occur more prevalently in East Asian countries than Western or Mediterranean regions. Since intestinal BD is often refractory to conventional treatment such as corticosteroids and immunomodulators, alternative therapies are eventually needed. Currently, anti-tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF-α) agents have greatly improved management of IBD. Given this evidence, these agents are also under active investigation in the treatment of intestinal BD. Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody-based biologic drug that has been reported to be effective for inducing and maintaining remission in patients with intestinal BD. A clinical remission of intestinal lesions and the rapid healing of ulcers after treatment of infliximab was reported in several studies. Fewer reports have described the use of adalimumab in intestinal BD rather than infliximab. Adalimumab is a completely humanized Ig 1 monoclonal antiTNF-α antibody that binds to TNF-α and prevents it from binding to its receptors. It was the third TNF-α inhibitor, after infliximab and etanercept, to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid

Could adalimumab be used safely and effectively in intestinal Behçet's disease refractory to conventional therapy?