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Lourenço, in the north of Amapá state, is one of the oldest active mining fronts in Brazil. Gold mining activities are carried out by a cooperative of gold diggers, under precarious working conditions and little environmental care. The mining region is situated amidst a set of protected areas and recent researches indicate high concentrations of mercury in the region’s fishes. In the past, the local government along with the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office made efforts to legalize the mining activity and turn the Lourenço region into a sustainable artisanal mining pole. Those efforts didn’t materialize, but they left lessons, which were either eliminated or ignored by the rationalist State in the occasion of the celebration of bilateral agreements between Brazil and France for the fight against illegal mining activities along the border. Based on literature review, interviews and technical visits to the mining region, this paper traces the geopolitics of Lourenço and presents the main socio-environmental conflicts. It concludes that the mining activity in the region results unsustainable within a preservationist territorial context and considering the complexity of socio-environmental regulation actions.

A GEOPOLÍTICA DO GARIMPO DO LOURENÇO, NORTE DO AMAPÁ: TRAJETÓRIA, CONTRADIÇÕES E INSUSTENTABILIDADE