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Purpose: Preclinical data increasingly support an impact of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) on the bladder. We investigated the molecular effects of Li-ESWT on the bladder of a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.Methods: Fifteen 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: a control group (n=5), a group of diabetic rats without treatment (diabetes mellitus [DM], n=5) and a group of diabetic rats treated with Li-ESWT (DM-ESWT, n=5). A single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes. Twenty days after diabetes induction, each rat in the DM-ESWT group received 300 shockwaves with an energy flux density of 0.09 mJ/mm 2 . Sessions were repeated 3 times/week for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period. Total RNA from bladder tissue was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the expression pattern of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 ( Trpv1 ), interleukin-1β ( Il1b ), and the muscarinic receptors M1, M2, and M3 ( Chrm1 ,  Chrm2 , and  Chrm3 ).Results: The expression of  Trpv1, Il1b , and  Chrm2  genes was significantly different between the 3 groups (P=0.002, P Trpv1  and  Il1b  (P=0.002 and P IL1b, Chrm2 , and to a lesser extent  Trpv1  toward the control levels, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this treatment modality for diabetic cystopathy.

The Effect of Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment on the Urinary Bladder in an Experimental Diabetic Rat Model