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In this contribution we proceed to make a critical analysis of the military reforms that drove Carlos III throughout his reign. To do this, on the one hand, a vision of them by placing them in the context of the entire century arises and, secondly, trying to answer two questions. The first focuses on answering whether during his reign was modified or not the reward system in the military career to reach the highest echelons of generalship, that is, if “enlightened principles” such as merit, study or training scientific and technical were or were not vectors that governed the promotion of general officers. The second seeks to analyze whether or not Carlos III rewarded the senior army with the highest distinction granted, the titled noble, who served him in the arms race.En esta aportación se procede a realizar un análisis crítico de las reformas militares que impulsó Carlos III a lo largo de su reinado. Para ello, por un lado, se plantea una visión de las mismas situándolas en el contexto de toda la centuria y, por otro, se trata de dar respuesta a dos cuestiones. La primera, se centra en responder a si durante su reinado se modificó o no el sistema de recompensas en la carrera militar hasta llegar a los más altos grados del generalato, es decir, si “principios ilustrados” como los de mérito, estudio o formación científico-técnica, fueron o no los vectores que rigieron la promoción de los oficiales generales. La segunda, busca analizar si Carlos III recompensó o no a los altos mandos del ejército con la más alta distinción que otorgaba, la de noble titulado, a quienes le servían en la carrera de las armas

El reformismo militar de Carlos III: mito y realidad