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. This paperstudies a closed-loop wind farm control framework for active power control(APC) with a simultaneous reduction of wake-induced structural loads within afully developed wind farm flow interacting with the atmospheric boundarylayer. The main focus is on a classical feedback control, which features asimple control architecture and a practical measurement system that arerealizable for real-time control of large wind farms. We demonstrate that thewake-induced structural loading of the downstream turbines can be alleviated,while the wind farm power production follows a reference signal. Aclosed-loop APC is designed first to improve the power-tracking performanceagainst wake-induced power losses of the downwind turbines. Then, thenonunique solution of APC for the wind farm is exploited for aggregatedstructural load alleviation. The axial induction factors of the individualwind turbines are considered control inputs to limit the power production ofthe wind farm or to switch to greedy control when the demand exceeds thepower available in the wind. Furthermore, the APC solution domain is enlargedby an adjustment of the power set-points according to the locally availablepower at the waked wind turbines. Therefore, the controllability of the windturbines is improved for rejecting the intensified load fluctuations insidethe wake. A large-eddy simulation model is employed for resolving theturbulent flow, the wake structures, and its interaction with the atmosphericboundary layer. The applicability and key features of the controller arediscussed with a wind farm example consisting of 3×4 turbines withdifferent wake interactions for each row. The performance of the proposed APCis evaluated using the accuracy of the wind farm power tracking and thewake-induced damage equivalent fatigue loads of the towers of the individualwind turbines.

An active power control approach for wake-induced load alleviation in a fully developed wind farm boundary layer