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. Lunar phases remarkably influence the circadian cycle of living beings.Early amphibian studies date back to the 1960s, but only recently has moreresearch been conducted in this field. Much still needs to be understoodto establish the behavioral pattern of this group according to the synodic cycle. Inthe present study, we sought to determine (i) whether the vocalizationactivity was influenced by the lunar phases and (ii) whether the influencewas species-specific or affects the community with equal intensity. Weexpected a great diversity of behaviors and adaptations. Rayleigh's test wasused to verify whether the sample differs significantly from the nullhypothesis; Rao's test was used to check sample size sufficiency; and the Kiviatdiagram was used to evaluate the activity of the species in relation to the completesynodic cycle. We have observed 1691 individuals of 37 species over 882 d. The lunar cycle influenced 78 % of the species, with 32 % preferringthe lower-albedo phases. The activity pattern of each species wasestablished. These results suggest that the lunar phases influence thevocalization activity of most species. Therefore, there is a general patternof activity related to the synodic cycles; however, the specificities stillneed to be better understood.

Frog vocalization is influenced by moon phases: Brazilian frogs tend to prefer low-albedo phases