English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

. The number of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) per year is affected bythe phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), yet there arediscrepancies between the observed and modelled relationship. We investigatehow systematic model biases in atmospheric winds and temperatures may affectthe ENSO–SSW connection. A two-step bias correction process is applied tothe troposphere, stratosphere, or full atmosphere of an atmospheric generalcirculation model. ENSO-type sensitivity experiments are then performed byadding El Niño and La Niña sea surface temperature (SST) anomaliesto the model's prescribed SSTs, to reveal the impact of differingclimatologies on the ENSO–SSW teleconnection. The number of SSWs per year is overestimated in the control run, and thisstatistic is improved when biases are reduced in both the stratosphere andtroposphere. The seasonal cycle of SSWs is also improved by the biascorrections. The composite SSW responses in the stratospheric zonal wind,geopotential height, and surface response are well represented in both thecontrol and bias-corrected runs. The model response of SSWs to ENSO phase ismore linear than in observations, in line with previous modelling studies,and this is not changed by the reduced biases. However, the ratio of wave 1events to wave 2 events as well as the tendency to have more wave 1 eventsduring El Niño years than La Niña years is improved in the bias-corrected runs.

Sudden stratospheric warmings during El Niño and La Niña: sensitivity to atmospheric model biases