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Kronebreen and Kongsbreen are among the fastest-flowing glaciers onSvalbard and, therefore, important contributors to the total dynamic massloss from the archipelago. Here, we present a time series of area-widesurface velocity fields from April 2012 to December 2013 based on offsettracking on repeat high-resolution Radarsat-2 Ultrafine data. Surface speedsreached up to 3.2 m d−1 near the calving front of Kronebreen in summer2013 and 2.7 m d−1 at Kongsbreen in late autumn 2012. Additionalvelocity fields from Radarsat-1, Radarsat-2 and TerraSAR-X data sinceDecember 2007 together with continuous GPS measurements on Kronebreen sinceSeptember 2008 revealed complex patterns in seasonal and interannual speedevolution. Part of the ice-flow variations seem closely linked to the amountand timing of surface meltwater production and rainfall, both of which areknown to have a strong influence on the basal water pressure and hence basallubrication. In addition, terminus retreat and the associated reduction inback stress appear to have influenced the speed close to the calving front,especially at Kongsbreen in 2012 and 2013. Since 2007, Kongsbreen retreatedup to 1800 m, corresponding to a total area loss of 2.5 km2. In 2011the retreat of Kronebreen of up to 850 m, responsible for a total area lossof 2.8 km2, was triggered after a phase of stable terminus positionsince ~ 1990. Retreat is an important component of the massbalance of both glaciers, in which frontal ablation is the largestcomponent. Total frontal ablation between April 2012 and December 2013 wasestimated to 0.21–0.25 Gt a−1 for Kronebreen and 0.14–0.16 Gt a−1 for Kongsbreen

Surface speed and frontal ablation of Kronebreen and Kongsbreen, NW Svalbard, from SAR offset tracking